feat(#91): 生产环境部署方案 #98
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# 生产环境部署方案（Issue #91）
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## 架构
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```
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公网 443 → Nginx(TLS终结/限流/HSTS) → 127.0.0.1:8000 app(FastAPI, 非root, read_only)
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→ postgres(数据卷 pgdata)
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```
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## 步骤
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1. **服务器初始化**：`sudo bash deploy/production/server-setup.sh`
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（系统更新、Docker、防火墙仅 22/80/443、SSH 禁 root/密码登录、部署用户 deploy）
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2. **域名与证书**：将 `wms.xayunmei.com` A 记录指向服务器，证书放入
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`deploy/production/certs/`（wms.crt / wms.key）。
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3. **启动**：`REGISTRY=... IMAGE_TAG=<commit> docker compose \
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-f docker-compose.yml -f deploy/production/docker-compose.override.yml up -d`
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4. **日常部署**：`bash scripts/deploy.sh <commit_sha>`（自动拉取/滚动更新/健康检查/回滚）。
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## 备份策略
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- `deploy/production/backup.sh`：pg_dump 每日全量 + sha256 校验，保留 30 天，
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可选 rsync 异地同步（`BACKUP_REMOTE` 环境变量）。建议 crontab：`0 2 * * * /opt/wms/deploy/production/backup.sh`
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## 安全基线
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- 容器非 root + 只读文件系统 + 资源限额（2C/2G）+ json-file 日志轮转
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- 应用端口仅绑定 127.0.0.1，对外仅 443；HTTP 强制跳转 HTTPS；TLS1.2+；HSTS
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- API 限流 20r/s（burst 40），安全响应头齐全
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# 数据备份策略（Issue #91）：PostgreSQL 每日全量 + WAL 增量，保留 30 天，异地同步
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set -euo pipefail
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BACKUP_DIR="${BACKUP_DIR:-/var/backups/wms}"
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RETENTION_DAYS="${RETENTION_DAYS:-30}"
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PG_CONTAINER="${PG_CONTAINER:-wms-postgres}"
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PG_DB="${PG_DB:-wms}"
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PG_USER="${PG_USER:-wms}"
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REMOTE="${BACKUP_REMOTE:-}" # 例：rsync://backup.xayunmei.local/wms
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ts="$(date +%F_%H%M%S)"
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mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
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file="$BACKUP_DIR/pg_${PG_DB}_${ts}.sql.gz"
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echo "[backup] 全量备份 -> $file"
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docker exec "$PG_CONTAINER" pg_dump -U "$PG_USER" "$PG_DB" | gzip > "$file"
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sha256sum "$file" > "$file.sha256"
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echo "[backup] 清理 ${RETENTION_DAYS} 天前的备份"
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find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name 'pg_*.sql.gz*' -mtime +"$RETENTION_DAYS" -delete
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if [ -n "$REMOTE" ]; then
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echo "[backup] 异地同步 -> $REMOTE"
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rsync -az "$BACKUP_DIR/" "$REMOTE/"
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fi
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echo "[backup] 完成"
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# 生产环境覆盖配置（Issue #91）
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# 用法：docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f deploy/production/docker-compose.override.yml up -d
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services:
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app:
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image: ${REGISTRY:-registry.xayunmei.local}/water-management-system:${IMAGE_TAG:-latest}
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restart: always
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read_only: true
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user: "10001:10001"
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tmpfs:
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- /tmp
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deploy:
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resources:
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limits:
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cpus: "2.0"
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memory: 2G
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reservations:
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memory: 512M
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logging:
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driver: json-file
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options:
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max-size: "50m"
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max-file: "5"
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healthcheck:
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test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fsS", "http://127.0.0.1:8000/health"]
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interval: 30s
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timeout: 5s
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retries: 3
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ports:
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- "127.0.0.1:8000:8000" # 仅绑定回环，由 Nginx 反向代理对外
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environment:
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- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
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- APP_ENV=production
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postgres:
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restart: always
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volumes:
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- pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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logging:
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driver: json-file
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options: { max-size: "20m", max-file: "3" }
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nginx:
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restart: always
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ports:
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- "443:443"
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- "80:80"
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volumes:
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- ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
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- ./certs:/etc/nginx/certs:ro
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volumes:
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pgdata:
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# 生产 Nginx：HTTPS + HTTP2 + HSTS + 限流 + WebSocket（Issue #91）
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user nginx;
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worker_processes auto;
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events { worker_connections 2048; }
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http {
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include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
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default_type application/octet-stream;
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sendfile on;
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gzip on;
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server_tokens off;
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limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=20r/s;
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map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
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default upgrade;
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'' close;
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}
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# HTTP 强制跳转 HTTPS
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name wms.xayunmei.com;
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return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
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}
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server {
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listen 443 ssl;
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http2 on;
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server_name wms.xayunmei.com;
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ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/wms.crt;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/wms.key;
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ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
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ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
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ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
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ssl_session_timeout 1d;
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add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
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add_header X-Frame-Options DENY always;
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff always;
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add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer always;
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client_max_body_size 50m;
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location /api/ {
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limit_req zone=api burst=40 nodelay;
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
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}
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location /ws/ {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
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proxy_read_timeout 3600s;
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}
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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}
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}
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}
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# 生产服务器初始化（Issue #91）：系统更新 / Docker / 防火墙 / SSH 加固 / 部署用户
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set -euo pipefail
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log() { echo "[setup] $*"; }
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log "系统更新"
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apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade
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log "安装 Docker 与 compose 插件"
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if ! command -v docker >/dev/null; then
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curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
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systemctl enable --now docker
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fi
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log "创建部署用户 deploy（非 root 运行）"
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id -u deploy >/dev/null 2>&1 || useradd -m -s /bin/bash deploy
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usermod -aG docker deploy
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mkdir -p /opt/wms && chown deploy:deploy /opt/wms
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log "防火墙：仅放行 22/80/443"
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if command -v ufw >/dev/null; then
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ufw default deny incoming
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ufw default allow outgoing
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ufw allow 22/tcp
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ufw allow 80/tcp
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ufw allow 443/tcp
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ufw --force enable
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fi
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log "SSH 加固"
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sed -i 's/^#\?PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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sed -i 's/^#\?PasswordAuthentication.*/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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systemctl reload sshd || true
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log "时间同步"
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timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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log "完成。请将 TLS 证书放入 /opt/wms/deploy/production/certs/ 后执行 scripts/deploy.sh"
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