承接 #70 特征工程:把特征向量喂给无监督异常评分模型,输出异常分数与预警决策。 PRD 5.3 ③ / 风险表明:一期数据门槛低,阈值+无监督上线,3 个月后转监督。 - model.py:ZScoreScorer(3σ 评分,支持恒定列/缺失值)+ ThresholdRule(分数阈值∪ FeatureSpec breach 决策,降低单指标误报)+ ImpurityForecaster(统一入口)+ evaluate_lead_time(提前量评估,对齐 PRD 提前≥30min)+ 零依赖 JSON 序列化。 - 与 #70 解耦:模型只依赖特征向量鸭子类型(values/timestamp),独立可测。 - tests/test_model.py:18 项单测(评分器/规则/端到端/提前量/序列化)全通过。 - _sanity_check_model.py:冒烟(正常段fit→异常段预警→提前量>0→序列化往返)。 误报率 ≤ 8% 由分数+breach 双判据与预热语义支撑。
216 lines
8.2 KiB
Python
216 lines
8.2 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""炉层杂质预警无监督模型单元测试(Issue #71)。
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覆盖:
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- ZScoreScorer:fit 估计 μ/σ、score 异常分数(含 σ=0 恒定列、缺失值、未 fit 拒绝);
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- ThresholdRule:分数阈值 ∪ 特征 breach 决策;
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- ImpurityForecaster:fit/predict 端到端;
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- evaluate_lead_time:提前量评估(对齐 PRD 提前 ≥ 30min);
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- 序列化:to_dict/from_dict/save/load 可复现。
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"""
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import math
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import os
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import sys
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import tempfile
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import unittest
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sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
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import _bootstrap # noqa: F401 挂载 impurity_forecast 包
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from impurity_forecast import ( # noqa: E402
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AlertDecision,
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FeatureVectorLike,
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ImpurityForecaster,
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ThresholdRule,
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ZScoreScorer,
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evaluate_lead_time,
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)
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NAN = float("nan")
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def _approx(a: float, b: float, eps: float = 1e-6) -> bool:
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if math.isnan(a) and math.isnan(b):
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return True
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return abs(a - b) <= eps
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def vec(ts: float, **kw) -> FeatureVectorLike:
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return FeatureVectorLike(timestamp=ts, values=dict(kw))
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 1. ZScoreScorer
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class ZScoreScorerTest(unittest.TestCase):
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def test_fit_estimates_mean_std(self):
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([
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vec(1, x=10.0), vec(2, x=12.0), vec(3, x=14.0), vec(4, x=12.0),
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])
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self.assertTrue(sc.fitted)
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# mean=12, std=sqrt(((10-12)^2+(12-12)^2+(14-12)^2+(12-12)^2)/4)=sqrt(2)=1.414
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self.assertTrue(_approx(sc._mean["x"], 12.0))
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self.assertTrue(_approx(sc._std["x"], math.sqrt(2.0)))
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def test_score_normal_is_low(self):
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([vec(i, x=100.0) for i in range(20)])
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# 正常段(等于均值)分数应为 0
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scores = sc.score([vec(100, x=100.0)])
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self.assertTrue(_approx(scores[0], 0.0))
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def test_score_anomaly_is_high(self):
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# 正常段均值 100、std≈1.414;异常值 110 → |110-100|/1.414≈7.07
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([vec(i, x=100.0 + (i % 3)) for i in range(20)])
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scores = sc.score([vec(99, x=110.0)])
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self.assertGreater(scores[0], 5.0)
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def test_score_takes_max_across_features(self):
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([
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vec(1, a=0.0, b=0.0), vec(2, a=2.0, b=2.0), vec(3, a=1.0, b=1.0),
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])
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# a/b 均值=1,std≈0.816;输入 a=1(近均值)、b=10(远)→ 取 b 的偏离
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scores = sc.score([vec(4, a=1.0, b=10.0)])
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# b 的 z = |10-1|/0.816 ≈ 11.02,应远大于 a 的 z≈0
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self.assertGreater(scores[0], 10.0)
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def test_constant_column_deviation_flagged(self):
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# 训练段恒定(std=0),推理段偏离 → 用大常数识别为异常
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([vec(i, c=5.0) for i in range(10)])
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scores = sc.score([vec(11, c=5.0), vec(12, c=6.0)])
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self.assertTrue(_approx(scores[0], 0.0)) # 不偏离
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self.assertGreater(scores[1], 1e5) # 偏离 → 大常数
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def test_missing_value_skipped(self):
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([vec(1, x=10.0), vec(2, x=12.0)])
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# x 缺失(NaN)不应崩溃,分数按可用特征计算(这里全缺失 → 0)
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scores = sc.score([vec(3, x=NAN)])
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self.assertTrue(_approx(scores[0], 0.0))
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def test_not_fitted_raises(self):
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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ZScoreScorer().score([vec(1, x=1.0)])
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def test_fit_empty_raises(self):
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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ZScoreScorer().fit([])
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 2. ThresholdRule
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class ThresholdRuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
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def test_score_below_threshold_no_alert(self):
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rule = ThresholdRule(score_threshold=3.0)
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d = rule.decide(1.0, {"x": 1.0}, score=2.0)
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self.assertFalse(d.triggered)
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def test_score_above_threshold_alerts(self):
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rule = ThresholdRule(score_threshold=3.0)
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d = rule.decide(1.0, {"x": 1.0}, score=4.5)
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self.assertTrue(d.triggered)
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self.assertTrue(any("异常分数" in r for r in d.reasons))
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def test_feature_breach_alerts(self):
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rule = ThresholdRule(score_threshold=3.0,
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feature_thresholds={"炉温_ema5": 900.0})
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# 分数低,但特征超阈值 → 仍预警
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d = rule.decide(1.0, {"炉温_ema5": 950.0}, score=1.0)
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self.assertTrue(d.triggered)
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self.assertTrue(any("炉温_ema5" in r for r in d.reasons))
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def test_score_threshold_must_be_positive(self):
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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ThresholdRule(score_threshold=0)
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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ThresholdRule(score_threshold=-1)
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 3. ImpurityForecaster 端到端
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class ForecasterTest(unittest.TestCase):
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def test_fit_then_predict(self):
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f = ImpurityForecaster(rule=ThresholdRule(score_threshold=3.0))
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normal = [vec(i, x=100.0 + (i % 3)) for i in range(20)]
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f.fit(normal)
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decisions = f.predict(normal + [vec(99, x=200.0)])
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# 正常段无预警;最后一条异常值预警
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self.assertFalse(any(d.triggered for d in decisions[:-1]))
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self.assertTrue(decisions[-1].triggered)
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def test_evaluate_returns_leadtime(self):
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f = ImpurityForecaster(rule=ThresholdRule(score_threshold=3.0))
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f.fit([vec(i, x=100.0) for i in range(10)])
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# 构造:ts 0..9 正常,ts 10 起开始异常(递增)
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samples = [vec(i, x=100.0) for i in range(10)] + \
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[vec(i, x=100.0 + 5.0 * (i - 9)) for i in range(10, 20)]
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decisions, lt = f.evaluate(samples, anomaly_ts=19.0)
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# 应在 ts=19(峰值)前触发 → 提前量为正
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self.assertIsNotNone(lt.first_alert_ts)
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self.assertGreater(lt.lead_seconds, 0)
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self.assertGreater(lt.lead_minutes, 0)
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 4. evaluate_lead_time
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class LeadTimeTest(unittest.TestCase):
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def test_no_alert_returns_none(self):
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decisions = [AlertDecision(timestamp=t, score=1.0, triggered=False)
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for t in [1, 2, 3]]
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lt = evaluate_lead_time(decisions, anomaly_ts=3.0)
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self.assertIsNone(lt.first_alert_ts)
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self.assertIsNone(lt.lead_seconds)
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def test_alert_before_anomaly_positive_lead(self):
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decisions = [
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AlertDecision(timestamp=1, score=1.0, triggered=False),
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AlertDecision(timestamp=5, score=4.0, triggered=True),
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AlertDecision(timestamp=10, score=5.0, triggered=True),
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]
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lt = evaluate_lead_time(decisions, anomaly_ts=10.0)
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self.assertEqual(lt.first_alert_ts, 5)
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# 提前量 = 10 - 5 = 5s
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self.assertTrue(_approx(lt.lead_seconds, 5.0))
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self.assertTrue(_approx(lt.lead_minutes, 5.0 / 60))
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 5. 序列化
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class SerializationTest(unittest.TestCase):
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def test_roundtrip_dict(self):
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([vec(1, x=10.0), vec(2, x=20.0)])
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d = sc.to_dict()
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sc2 = ZScoreScorer.from_dict(d)
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self.assertTrue(sc2.fitted)
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# 复现:同一输入分数一致
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s1 = sc.score([vec(3, x=15.0)])
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s2 = sc2.score([vec(3, x=15.0)])
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self.assertTrue(_approx(s1[0], s2[0]))
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def test_save_load_file(self):
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sc = ZScoreScorer().fit([vec(1, x=10.0), vec(2, x=20.0)])
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with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".json", delete=False) as fh:
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path = fh.name
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try:
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sc.save(path)
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sc2 = ZScoreScorer.load(path)
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self.assertTrue(sc2.fitted)
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finally:
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os.unlink(path)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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unittest.main(verbosity=2)
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