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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""炉层杂质预警 · 声明式特征工程引擎(Issue #70 / PRD 5.3 异常·杂质预警)。
PRD 5.3 明确:**特征工程层的跨行业差异落在 FeatureSpec,不落代码**。
即特征以声明式规格描述(如 ``EMA(炉温, 5min)``、``RollingStd(氯气流量, 10)``、
``RateOfChange(炉压)``),由工艺模板定义、本引擎解释执行;换行业只改模板
配置(``config/features.template.yaml``),引擎零改动。
一期(Template-Ti)落地「炉层杂质预警」(PRD 5.3 ③,验收:提前 ≥ 30min、
误报率 ≤ 8%)。数据门槛低,先以**阈值 + 无监督**上线,3 个月后转监督
(PRD 4.1);故本期特征工程面向无监督异常评分,同时产出监督可用的特征矩阵。
设计要点
--------
1. **声明式 FeatureSpec**:每条特征声明 ``kind``(算子)+ ``point``(来源测点)
+ ``params``(窗口/周期等),引擎按 kind 分派到内置算子。
2. **内置算子**(零第三方依赖,纯标准库):
- ``raw`` 原始值透传;
- ``ema`` 指数滑动平均(平滑、去噪);
- ``rolling_std`` 滚动标准差(波动度);
- ``rate_of_change`` 变化率(速率预警);
- ``rolling_mean`` 滚动均值;
- ``rolling_min`` / ``rolling_max`` 滚动极值(配合阈值)。
3. **时序对齐**:按时间戳对齐多测点为特征向量,缺失测点用 ``NaN`` 占位
并记录缺失率(误报率治理输入)。
4. **零依赖 YAML 子集解析**(与 data-bus / rag-kb 同款),解析模板资产。
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
# 缺失值统一用 float('nan'),便于上层用 math.isnan 判定与屏蔽。
NAN = float("nan")
class FeatureSpecError(ValueError):
"""FeatureSpec 声明或执行错误(未知算子 / 缺参 / 窗口非法等)。"""
class FeatureKind(str, Enum):
"""内置特征算子(声明式 FeatureSpec 的 ``kind`` 取值)。"""
RAW = "raw" # 原始值透传
EMA = "ema" # 指数滑动平均:params={"alpha": 0.2}
ROLLING_STD = "rolling_std" # 滚动标准差:params={"window": 10}
ROLLING_MEAN = "rolling_mean" # 滚动均值
ROLLING_MIN = "rolling_min" # 滚动最小值
ROLLING_MAX = "rolling_max" # 滚动最大值
RATE_OF_CHANGE = "rate_of_change" # 变化率:(x[t]-x[t-w])/x[t-w]
@property
def label(self) -> str:
return {
FeatureKind.RAW: "原始值",
FeatureKind.EMA: "指数滑动平均",
FeatureKind.ROLLING_STD: "滚动标准差",
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MEAN: "滚动均值",
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MIN: "滚动最小值",
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MAX: "滚动最大值",
FeatureKind.RATE_OF_CHANGE: "变化率",
}[self]
# 算子注册表:kind 名 → 算子实现。未知 kind 在注册阶段即拒绝(避免拼写漂移)。
KIND_REGISTRY: Dict[str, FeatureKind] = {k.value: k for k in FeatureKind}
@dataclass
class FeatureSpec:
"""单条声明式特征规格(模板配置中的一行特征声明)。
Attributes:
name: 特征输出名(特征向量列名,工艺可读,如 ``炉温_ema5``)。
kind: 算子(见 :class:`FeatureKind`)。
point: 来源测点 id(对齐点位字典 point_id,如 ``CLF-01.TEMP``)。
params: 算子参数(如 EMA 的 alpha、rolling_* 的 window)。
unit: 特征单位(可选,用于驾驶舱展示)。
threshold: 预警阈值(可选,无监督阈值上线的判定边界)。
"""
name: str
kind: FeatureKind
point: str
params: Dict[str, float] = field(default_factory=dict)
unit: str = ""
threshold: Optional[float] = None
def __post_init__(self) -> None:
if not self.name:
raise FeatureSpecError("FeatureSpec.name 不能为空")
if not self.point:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"特征 {self.name!r} 缺少 point(来源测点)")
# 参数合法性校验:滚动/变化率类必须有正整数 window
if self.kind in (FeatureKind.ROLLING_STD, FeatureKind.ROLLING_MEAN,
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MIN, FeatureKind.ROLLING_MAX,
FeatureKind.RATE_OF_CHANGE):
w = self.params.get("window")
if w is None:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"特征 {self.name!r}({self.kind.value})缺少 window 参数")
try:
wf = float(w)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"特征 {self.name!r} window 必须是整数,实际 {w!r}") from exc
if wf != int(wf):
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"特征 {self.name!r} window 必须是整数,实际 {w!r}")
wi = int(wf)
if wi <= 0:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"特征 {self.name!r} window 必须 > 0,实际 {wi}")
self.params["window"] = wi
if self.kind is FeatureKind.EMA:
alpha = self.params.get("alpha")
if alpha is None:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"特征 {self.name!r}(ema)缺少 alpha 参数")
try:
af = float(alpha)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"特征 {self.name!r} alpha 必须是数值,实际 {alpha!r}") from exc
if not (0.0 < af <= 1.0):
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"特征 {self.name!r} alpha 须在 (0,1],实际 {af}")
self.params["alpha"] = af
def describe(self) -> str:
"""工艺可读描述,如 ``炉温_ema5 = ema(CLF-01.TEMP, alpha=0.2)``。"""
pa = ", ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in self.params.items())
return f"{self.name} = {self.kind.value}({self.point}{', ' + pa if pa else ''})"
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 算子实现:输入为按时间排序的标量序列(可能含 NAN),输出等长变换序列。
# 滚动窗口在序列前段(样本不足 window 个)输出 NAN,表示"尚不足以计算"。
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _is_num(x: object) -> bool:
return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not (isinstance(x, float) and math.isnan(x))
def _rolling_window(values: Sequence[float], window: int,
reducer) -> List[float]:
"""通用滚动归约:前 window-1 个位置输出 NAN。"""
out: List[float] = []
buf: List[float] = []
for v in values:
if _is_num(v):
buf.append(float(v))
# 非数值视为缺失,不进缓冲区(窗口按"有效样本数"计数,更稳健)
if len(buf) >= window:
out.append(float(reducer(buf[-window:])))
else:
out.append(NAN)
return out
def _op_raw(values: Sequence[float], params: Dict[str, float]) -> List[float]:
return [float(v) if _is_num(v) else NAN for v in values]
def _op_ema(values: Sequence[float], params: Dict[str, float]) -> List[float]:
alpha = float(params["alpha"])
out: List[float] = []
prev: Optional[float] = None
for v in values:
if not _is_num(v):
out.append(NAN)
continue
x = float(v)
prev = x if prev is None else (alpha * x + (1.0 - alpha) * prev)
out.append(prev)
return out
def _op_rate_of_change(values: Sequence[float],
params: Dict[str, float]) -> List[float]:
window = int(params["window"])
out: List[float] = []
num: List[float] = []
for v in values:
if _is_num(v):
num.append(float(v))
if len(num) >= window + 1:
base = num[-(window + 1)]
cur = num[-1]
out.append((cur - base) / base if base else NAN)
else:
out.append(NAN)
return out
# kind → 算子函数 注册(FeatureEngine 分派用)
OPERATORS: Dict[FeatureKind, Callable[[Sequence[float], Dict[str, float]], List[float]]] = {
FeatureKind.RAW: _op_raw,
FeatureKind.EMA: _op_ema,
FeatureKind.ROLLING_STD: lambda v, p: _rolling_window(v, int(p["window"]),
lambda w: _std(w)),
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MEAN: lambda v, p: _rolling_window(v, int(p["window"]),
lambda w: sum(w) / len(w)),
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MIN: lambda v, p: _rolling_window(v, int(p["window"]), min),
FeatureKind.ROLLING_MAX: lambda v, p: _rolling_window(v, int(p["window"]), max),
FeatureKind.RATE_OF_CHANGE: _op_rate_of_change,
}
def _std(samples: Sequence[float]) -> float:
"""总体标准差(无监督波动度特征;零依赖实现)。"""
n = len(samples)
if n == 0:
return NAN
mean = sum(samples) / n
var = sum((x - mean) ** 2 for x in samples) / n
return math.sqrt(var)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 特征值 / 特征向量 / 引擎
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FeatureValue = float # 单个特征值(可能为 NAN)
@dataclass
class FeatureVector:
"""某时刻对齐后的特征向量(多特征列 + 时间戳 + 缺失率)。"""
timestamp: float
values: Dict[str, FeatureValue] # name → 特征值
missing_rate: float = 0.0 # 本时刻缺失特征占比(误报率治理输入)
@property
def is_complete(self) -> bool:
"""所有特征均非缺失(监督训练样本需完整向量)。"""
return all(_is_num(v) for v in self.values.values())
def breach_features(self) -> List[str]:
"""返回超阈值 breach 的特征名(无监督阈值上线判定)。"""
# 阈值判定由 FeatureEngine 注入(见 engine.breach),这里仅占位。
return []
class FeatureEngine:
"""声明式特征工程引擎:解释 FeatureSpec 列表,对时序样本计算特征矩阵。
换行业只改模板配置(FeatureSpec 列表),引擎零改动(PRD 5.3)。
用法::
engine = FeatureEngine(specs)
vectors = engine.transform(samples)
for vec in vectors:
if vec.is_complete:
... # 喂给无监督评分器或监督训练
"""
def __init__(self, specs: Sequence[FeatureSpec]):
if not specs:
raise FeatureSpecError("FeatureEngine 至少需要一条 FeatureSpec")
# 同名特征直接拒绝(避免特征矩阵列冲突)
seen = set()
for s in specs:
if s.name in seen:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"特征名重复:{s.name!r}")
seen.add(s.name)
self.specs: List[FeatureSpec] = list(specs)
# 按来源测点聚合,减少重复取数
self._by_point: Dict[str, List[FeatureSpec]] = {}
for s in self.specs:
self._by_point.setdefault(s.point, []).append(s)
# -- 配置资产 ---------------------------------------------------------
@classmethod
def from_template_config(cls, path: str) -> "FeatureEngine":
"""从模板特征配置 YAML 资产构建引擎(零第三方依赖)。"""
return cls(load_feature_config(path).specs)
# -- 计算 -------------------------------------------------------------
def required_points(self) -> List[str]:
"""引擎依赖的全部来源测点 id(去重保序)。"""
seen, out = set(), []
for s in self.specs:
if s.point not in seen:
seen.add(s.point)
out.append(s.point)
return out
def transform(self, samples: Sequence[Dict[str, object]],
ts_key: str = "ts") -> List[FeatureVector]:
"""把时序样本流变换为按时间对齐的特征向量序列。
Args:
samples: 按 时间升序 排列的样本列表;每条样本是 ``{ts_key: epoch秒,
point_id: value, ...}`` 形态的 dict(对齐点位字典 point_id)。
ts_key: 时间戳键名(默认 ``ts``)。
Returns:
与 samples 等长的 FeatureVector 列表(按时间对齐)。
"""
if not samples:
return []
# 1) 按测点抽取时间序列(保持原顺序)
point_series: Dict[str, List[float]] = {p: [] for p in self._by_point}
timestamps: List[float] = []
for sample in samples:
ts = sample.get(ts_key)
try:
timestamps.append(float(ts) if ts is not None else NAN)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
timestamps.append(NAN)
for p in point_series:
v = sample.get(p)
point_series[p].append(float(v) if _is_num(v) else NAN)
# 2) 对每个测点的序列逐特征计算
# feature_columns[name] = 与时间等长的特征值序列
feature_columns: Dict[str, List[float]] = {}
for point, series in point_series.items():
for spec in self._by_point[point]:
op = OPERATORS.get(spec.kind)
if op is None: # 理论上 __post_init__ 已拦截,防御性
raise FeatureSpecError(f"未实现的算子 {spec.kind.value!r}")
feature_columns[spec.name] = op(series, spec.params)
# 3) 按时间戳对齐为特征向量
n = len(samples)
names = [s.name for s in self.specs]
vectors: List[FeatureVector] = []
for i in range(n):
row = {name: feature_columns[name][i] for name in names}
missing = sum(1 for v in row.values() if not _is_num(v))
vectors.append(FeatureVector(
timestamp=timestamps[i],
values=row,
missing_rate=missing / len(names) if names else 0.0,
))
return vectors
# -- 无监督阈值判定(一期上线口径) -----------------------------------
def breach(self, vector: FeatureVector) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
"""返回超阈值的 ``(特征名, 当前值)`` 列表(无监督阈值上线判定)。
一期 PRD 5.3 ③:阈值 + 无监督先上线;3 个月后转监督。本方法支持
FeatureSpec 声明的 ``threshold``(绝对值越界即 breach)。
"""
out: List[Tuple[str, float]] = []
spec_by_name = {s.name: s for s in self.specs}
for name, val in vector.values.items():
if not _is_num(val):
continue
spec = spec_by_name.get(name)
if spec is None or spec.threshold is None:
continue
if val > spec.threshold:
out.append((name, val))
return out
def describe(self) -> List[str]:
"""返回全部特征的工艺可读描述(文档/审计用)。"""
return [s.describe() for s in self.specs]
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 模板配置资产(零依赖 YAML 子集解析,对齐 data-bus / rag-kb)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@dataclass
class FeatureTemplateConfig:
"""模板特征配置:模板元信息 + FeatureSpec 列表。"""
template: str
version: str
specs: List[FeatureSpec]
description: str = ""
def _parse_scalar(text: str) -> str:
"""去掉标量两侧引号与行内注释。"""
t = text.split(" #", 1)[0].strip()
if len(t) >= 2 and t[0] == t[-1] and t[0] in ("'", '"'):
return t[1:-1]
return t
def _parse_flow_value(text: str):
"""解析 ``key: value`` 右侧的值,支持行内 flow map ``{k: v, k: v}``。
其余(标量 / 引号串)退化为 :func:`_parse_scalar`。flow map 用于
``params: {alpha: 0.2, window: 10}`` 这种紧凑声明。
"""
t = text.split(" #", 1)[0].strip()
if t.startswith("{") and t.endswith("}"):
inner = t[1:-1].strip()
out: Dict[str, object] = {}
if not inner:
return out
for part in inner.split(","):
if ":" not in part:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"flow map 项不是键值对:{part!r}")
k, _, v = part.partition(":")
out[k.strip()] = _parse_scalar(v)
return out
return _parse_scalar(text)
def _strip_comments(lines: List[str]) -> List[Tuple[str, int]]:
out = []
for i, ln in enumerate(lines):
s = ln.strip()
if not s or s.startswith("#"):
continue
out.append((ln, i + 1))
return out
def _parse_node(lines: List[Tuple[str, int]], i: int, indent: int):
"""递归解析 YAML 节点(map / list / scalar)。返回 (value, next_i)。"""
text, _ = lines[i]
# ---- list 节点 ----
if text.lstrip(" ").startswith("- "):
items: List[object] = []
while i < len(lines):
t, no = lines[i]
stripped = t.lstrip(" ")
if not stripped.startswith("- "):
break
lead_j = len(t) - len(t.lstrip(" "))
if lead_j != indent:
break
item_text = stripped[2:].strip()
if not item_text:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"features.yaml 第 {no} 行:list 项为空")
if ":" in item_text:
map_indent = len(t) - len(t.lstrip(" ")) + 2
lines[i] = (" " * map_indent + item_text, no)
v, i = _parse_node(lines, i, map_indent)
items.append(v)
else:
items.append(_parse_flow_value(item_text))
i += 1
return items, i
# ---- map 节点 ----
result: Dict[str, object] = {}
while i < len(lines):
t, no = lines[i]
lead_j = len(t) - len(t.lstrip(" "))
if lead_j < indent or t.lstrip(" ").startswith("- "):
break
if lead_j > indent:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"features.yaml 第 {no} 行缩进异常(期望 {indent},实际 {lead_j})")
if ":" not in t:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"features.yaml 第 {no} 行不是合法键值对:{t!r}")
key, _, rest = t.partition(":")
key = key.strip()
rest = rest.strip()
if rest:
result[key] = _parse_flow_value(rest)
i += 1
continue
if i + 1 >= len(lines):
raise FeatureSpecError(f"features.yaml 第 {no} 行 {key!r} 缺少值")
sub_indent = len(lines[i + 1][0]) - len(lines[i + 1][0].lstrip(" "))
if sub_indent <= indent:
raise FeatureSpecError(f"features.yaml 第 {no} 行 {key!r} 缺少值(无嵌套)")
v, i = _parse_node(lines, i + 1, sub_indent)
result[key] = v
return result, i
def _load_yaml_text(text: str) -> Dict[str, object]:
lines = _strip_comments(text.splitlines())
if not lines:
return {}
top_indent = len(lines[0][0]) - len(lines[0][0].lstrip(" "))
value, next_i = _parse_node(lines, 0, top_indent)
if not isinstance(value, dict):
raise FeatureSpecError("features.yaml 顶层必须是 map")
if next_i < len(lines):
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"features.yaml 第 {lines[next_i][1]} 行:顶层存在多个节点")
return value
def load_feature_config(path: str) -> FeatureTemplateConfig:
"""从模板特征 YAML 资产加载配置。
期望结构(详见 ``config/features.template.yaml``)::
template: ti-cl4
version: 1.0.0
description: 炉层杂质预警特征工程
specs:
- name: 炉温_raw
kind: raw
point: CLF-01.TEMP
- name: 炉温_ema5
kind: ema
point: CLF-01.TEMP
params: {alpha: 0.2}
threshold: 900.0
"""
with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
data = _load_yaml_text(fh.read())
template = str(data.get("template", "")).strip()
if not template:
raise FeatureSpecError("features.yaml 缺少 template 字段")
version = str(data.get("version", "1.0.0")).strip() or "1.0.0"
description = str(data.get("description", "")).strip()
raw_specs = data.get("specs") or []
if not isinstance(raw_specs, list):
raise FeatureSpecError("features.yaml specs 必须是 list")
specs: List[FeatureSpec] = []
for idx, item in enumerate(raw_specs):
if not isinstance(item, dict):
raise FeatureSpecError(f"features.yaml specs[{idx}] 必须是 map")
name = str(item.get("name", "")).strip()
kind_name = str(item.get("kind", "")).strip()
if kind_name not in KIND_REGISTRY:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"features.yaml specs[{idx}] 未知算子 {kind_name!r}"
f"(应为 {sorted(KIND_REGISTRY)})")
point = str(item.get("point", "")).strip()
unit = str(item.get("unit", "")).strip()
raw_params = item.get("params") or {}
if not isinstance(raw_params, dict):
raise FeatureSpecError(f"features.yaml specs[{idx}] params 必须是 map")
params: Dict[str, float] = {}
for pk, pv in raw_params.items():
try:
params[pk] = float(pv)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"features.yaml specs[{idx}] 参数 {pk}={pv!r} 不是数值") from exc
threshold = item.get("threshold")
if threshold not in (None, ""):
try:
threshold = float(threshold)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
raise FeatureSpecError(
f"features.yaml specs[{idx}] threshold 不是数值") from exc
else:
threshold = None
specs.append(FeatureSpec(
name=name, kind=KIND_REGISTRY[kind_name], point=point,
params=params, unit=unit, threshold=threshold,
))
return FeatureTemplateConfig(
template=template, version=version, specs=specs, description=description)